Class
XII - IP
Assertions-Reason
Type Questions
DataFrame
& Series
Direction:
In
the Question given below there are
two statements not as assertion a and reason are read the statement and choose
the correct option.
- Both
(a) and (R) are true, and (R) a
is the correct explanation of (a)
- Both
(a) and (R) are true, but (R)
is not the correct explanation of (a).
- (a)
is true, but (R) is false.
- (a)
is false, but (R) is true
Q1.
Asserton (a): Pandas is a popular
data-science library of Python.
Reason
(R) : A series is a Pandas data structure that
represents.
Ans.
(b)
Q2. Asserton
(a): A data structure is a pandas data structure that represents a 2D array
like object.
Reason
(R) : you can use Numpy NaN for missing data.
Ans.
(d)
Q3.
Asserton (a): Two specify data type for a series
object, dtype argument is used.
Reason
(R) : The len()
function on series object returns total elements in it including NAns.
Ans.
(b)
Q4.
Assertion(a): The count() function
on series object returns only the count of non-NaN values in it.
Reason(R):
Series is values mutable.
Ans:
(b)
Q5. Assertion(a): Series is not size
mutable.
Reason(R): Dataframe is
size mutable as well as value mutable.
Ans.
(b)
Q6.Assertion (a): In a dataframe, Axis = 1
represents the column elements.
Reason
(R): To access values using row labels you can use
DF.open.
Ans.
(c)
Q
7. Assertion (a): To access
Individual value, you can use DF on using row/column index labels.
Reason
(R): To access Individual value, you can use DF. iat
using row/column integer position.
Ans.
(d)
Q
8. Assertion (a): The rename()
function reQuires inplace argument
to make changes in the original dataframe.
Reason
(R): To access values using row labels you can use
DF.loc.
Ans.
(b)
Q9.
Assertion (a): A Pandas series
object can be thought of as a column or a row,essentially.
Reason
(R): Both series and dataframe are one-dimensional data
structure objects.
Ans.
(c)
Q
10. Assertion (a): While series is a
one-dimensional data structure object, dataframe is a multi-dimensional data
structure object.
Reason
(R): A series object is value mutable.
Ans.
(b)
Q11.Assertion (a): A series object is size
mutable.
Reason
(R): A dataframe value mutable.
Ans.
(d)
Q12.
Assertion (a): A dataframe object is
size mutable.
Reason
(R): There is no difference between NumPy array and a
series object.
Ans.
(c)
Q
13. Assertion (a): A dataframe can
be thought of as a group of multiple series objects. Reason (R): A dataframe has similar properties as a series object.
Ans.
(c)
Q
14. Assertion (a): In a dataframe,
Axis = 1 represents the column elements.
Reason
(R): To access values using row labels you can use
DF.open.
Ans.
(c)
Q
15. Assertion (a): A series object
can store only homogeneous (same type of) elements. Reason (R): A dataframe object can store only homogeneous elements.
Ans.
(c)
Q
16. Assertion (a): The del statement
can remove the rows as well as columns in a dataframe.
Reason
(R): A Pandas series object can be thought of as a column
or a row, essentially.
Ans.
(d)
Q
17. Assertion (a): The rename()
always makes changes in the default dataframe.
Reason
(R): While series is a one-dimensional data structure
object, dataframe is a multi-dimensional data structure object.
Ans.
(d)
Q18.
Assertion (a): A series object is
value mutable.
Reason
(R): A series object can store only homogeneous (same
type of) elements.
Ans.
(b)
Q19.
Assertion (a): To create an empty
Series object, you can use pd.Series().
Reason
(R): To specify datatype int16 for a Series object, you
can write pd.Series(data = array, dtype = numpy.int16).
Ans.
(b)
Q
20. Assertion (a): To get the number
of dimensions of a series object, ndim attribute is displayed.
Reason
(R): To get the size of the datatype of the items in
series object, you can display index attribute.
Ans.
(c)
Q
21 Assertion (a): To get the number
of elements in a series object, size attribute may be used.
Reason
(R): To get the number of bytes of the series data, dtype
attribute is displayed.
Ans.
(c)
Q
22. Assertion (a): To check if the
series object contains NaN values, hasnAns
attribute is displayed.
Reason
(R): To display third element of a series object S, you
will write S[2].
Ans.
(b)
Q
23. Assertion (a): To display first
three elements of a series object S, you may write S[:3].
Reason
(R): To display last five rows of a series object S, you
may write head().
Ans.
(c)
Q
24. Assertion (a): Missing data in
Pandas object is represented through NaN.
Reason
(R): Given a Pandas series called SeQuences, the command which will display the first 4 rows is
print(SeQuences.head(4)).
Ans.
(b)
Q
25. Assertion (a): If a dataframe is
created using a 2D dictionary, then the Indexes/row labels are formed from
Inner dictionary's keys.
Reason
(R): If a dataframe is created using a 2D dictionary,
then the column labels are formed from outer dictionary's keys.
Ans.
(b)
Q
26. Assertion (a): The axis 0
identifies a dataframe's rows.
Reason
(R): The axis 1 identifies a dataframe's columns.
Ans.
(b)
Q
27. Assertion (a): To get the number
of elements in a dataframe, size attribute may be used.
Reason
(R): To get NumPy representation of a dataframe, shape
attribute may be used.
Ans.
(c)
Q
28. Assertion (a): 18. To get NumPy
representation of a dataframe, values attribute may be used.
Reason
(R): To get a number representing the number of axes in a
dataframe, values attribute may be used.
Ans.
(c)
Q
29. Assertion (a): To get the trAnspose of a dataframe D1, you can
write D1.T.
Reason
(R): To extract row/column from a dataframe, loc()
function may be used.
Ans.
(b)
Q
30. Assertion (a): To display the
3rd, 4th and 5th columns from the 6th to 9th rows of a dataframe DF, you can
write DF.iloc[6:10, 3:6].
Reason
(R): To change the 5th column's value at 3rd row as 35 in
dataframe DF, you can write DF.lat[3, 5]= 35.
Ans.
(b)
Plotting
Data using in Pandas
Direction:
In
the Question given below there are
two statements not as assertion a and reason are read the statement and choose
the correct option.
- Both
(a) and (R) are true, and (R) a
is the correct explanation of (a)
- Both
(a) and (R) are true, but (R)
is not the correct explanation of (a).
- (a)
is true, but (R) is false.
- (a)
is false, but (R) is true
Q1.
Assertion (a): A histogram is a plot
that shows the underlying freQuency
distribution of a set of continuous data.
Reason
(R): Pyplot Interface is a collection of methods within
matplotlib library of Python.
Ans.
(b)
Q2.
Assertion (a): Pyplot's plot()
function is used to create line charts.
Reason
(R): Pyplot's barh() function is used to create
horizontal bar charts.
Ans.
(b)
Q
3.Assertion (a): Pyplot's scatter()
function is used to create scatter charts. Reason
(R): Pyplot's hist() function is used to create histogram.
Ans.
(b)
Q4
Assertion (a): The datapoints
plotted on a graph are called markers.
Reason
(R): The width argument of plot() specifies the width for
the line.
Ans.
(c)
Q5.
Assertion (a): The linestyle
argument of plot() specifies the style of the line.
Reason
(R): The line argument of bar() specifies the bar width.
Ans.
(c)
Q6.
Assertion (a): The xticks() function
is used to specify ticks for x-axis.
Reason
(R): To save a plot, savefig() function is used.
Ans.
(b)
Q7.
Assertion (a): The orientation
argument of hist() is set to create a horizontal histogram.
Reason
(R): The show meAns
argument shows the arithmetic mean on a boxplot.
Ans.
(b)
Q8.
Assertion (a): The notch argument in
a boxplot() creates a notched boxplot.
Reason
(R): The loc argument of legend() provides the location
of legend.
Ans.
(b)
Q9.
Assertion (a): Using Python
Matplotlib, histogram can be used to count how many values fall into each
interval.
Reason
(R): Pyplot's barh() function is used to create line
chart.
Ans.
(c)
Q
10. Assertion (a): Statement Import
pyplot.matplotlib is a valid statement for working on pyplot functions.
Reason
(R): By default, pie chart is printed in elliptical or
oval shape.
Ans.
(c)
Q
11. Assertion (a): The axes define
the area (mostly rectangular in shape for simple plots) on which actual plot
(line or bar or graph etc.) will appear. Axis have properties like label, Umits
and tick marks on them.
Reason
(R): A Boxplot is the visual representation of a
statistical 5 number summary of a given data set.
Ans.
(b)
Q12.
Assertion (a): A marker is any
symbol that represents a data value in a line chart or a scatter plot. In other
words, the data points being plotted on a graph/chart are called markers.
Reason
(R): The linewidth and linestyle property can be used to
change the width and the style of the bar chart.
Ans.
(c)
Q20.
Assertion (a): A pie chart (or a
circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices
to illustrate numerical proportion.
Reason
(R): Histogram is a type of graph that provides a visual
interpretation of numerical data by indicating the number of data points that
lie within a range of value.
Ans.
(b)
Q21.
Assertion (a): Data visualisation
demand much more from a graph/plot. The graph or plot should have a proper
title, X & Y limits defined, labels, legends etc.
Reason
(R): Any graph or chart that you create using
matplotlib's PyPlot interface is created as per a specific structure of a plot
or shall we say a specific anatomy.
Ans.
(b)
Q22.
Assertion (a): Patterns, trends and
correlations that might go undetected in text-based data can be exposed and
recognised easier with data visualisation techniQues or tools such as line chart, bar chart, pie chart, histogram,
scatter chart, etc.
Reason
(R): Thus, with data visualisation tools, information can
be processed in an efficient manner and hence better decisions can be made.
Ans.
(a)
Q23.
Assertion (a): When we plot multiple
ranges on a single plot, it becomes necessary that legends are specified.
Recall that a legend is a colour or mark linked to a specific data range
plotted.
Reasons (R): bar() function is used to plot vertical
bar graph while barh() function is used to plot horizontal bar graph.
Ans.
(b)
Q24.
Assertion (a): Pyplot is a
collection of methods within matplotlib library (of Python) which allows user
to construct 2D plots easily and interactively.
Reason
(R): A histogram is a statistical tool used to summarise
discrete or continuous data. It provides a visual interpretation of numerical
data by showing the number of data points that fall within a specified range of
values (called "bins").
Ans.
(b)
Q
25. Assertion (a): A freQuency polygon is a type of freQuency distribution graph. In a freQuency polygon, the number of
observations is marked with a single point at the midpoint of an interval.
Reason
(R): The histogram chart is a graph of plotted points
that show the relationship between two sets of data. With a scatter plot, a
mark or marker (usually a dot or small circle), represents a single data point.
Ans.
(c)
Q
26. Assertion (a): Histogram is a
type of graph that provides a visual interpretation of numerical data by
indicating the number of data points that lie within a range of value.
Reasons (R): The loc argument of legend() provides
the Location of legend.
Ans.
(b)
Q
27. Assertion (a): Patterns, trends
and correlations that might go undetected in text-based data can be exposed and
recognised easier with data visualisation techniQues or tools such as line chart, bar chart, pie chart, histogram,
scatter chart, etc.
Reasons (R): A marker is any symbol that represents
a data value in a line chart or a scatter plot. In other words, the data points
being plotted on a graph/chart are called markers.
Ans.
(c)
Social Impact and Data Protection
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
Directions:
In the Questions given below, there
are two Statements marked
as Assertion (a) and Reason (R).
Read the statements and choose the cortect option.
a)
Both (a) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (a)
b)
Both (a) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (a).
c)
(a)
is true, but (R) is false.
d)
(a) is false, but (R) is true.
Q
1. Assertion (a): Encryption is a
secure techniQue to protect data
being trAnsmitted over a network.
Reason (R): The
sender of the information encrypts the data using a secret code and the
specified receiver only can decrypt the data using the same or different secret
code.
Ans.
(a)
Q
2. Assertion (a): A digital
signature is a form of electronic signature that authenticates a document or trAnsaction through encryption and
password.
Reason
(R): Security
certificate is also a uniQue digital
identification that is used to verify the identity of an individual website or
user.
Ans.
(b)
Q
3. Assertion (a): Session Electronic
TrAnsaction is a secure protocol
developed by MasterCard and Visa, in collaboration.
Reason
(R): The
term ethics generally refers to a set of moral principles that govern the
behaviour of an individual or
a group of individuals.
Ans.
(d)
Q
4. Assertion (a): Plagiarism, Cyber
bullying, Hacking, Phishing, Spamming, Software piracy, Intellectual property
rights are some common issues that are governed by computer ethics.
Reason
(R): Patent
refers to the creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial
value.
Ans.
(c)
Q
5. Assertion (a): Patent is a legal
document that gives the inventor sole rights to make, sell or use an invention.
Reason (R): Intellectual
Property (IP) is a right that is granted by Law to the creator or inventor for
his original work.
Q 6. Assertion (a): A logo or symbol that is
printed on business items to make it exclusive, is known as a trademark. A
trademark is valid for seven years and can be renewed after that.
Reason (R): Copyright
covers literary and artistic establishments such as books, plays, novels,
articles, music compositions and much more.
Ans.
(d)
Q
7. Assertion (a): In Minimal
plagiarism the original work is edited, reframed and reproduced. It is very
common in the education field.
Reason
(R): Direct or complete plagiarism is the verbatim trAnscription of a section of someone
else's work, without making any changes in the original work.
Ans.
(b)
Q
8. Assertion (a): Digital assets
that users create, and which exist in any kind of digital form, for example,
online or on storage media, constitute the digital property of users.
Reason
(R): The owners are the ones who only can decide in what
form the assets can be sold, reused, modified, repurposed or applied in any
other media other than what the assets were originally meant for.
Ans.
(b)
Q
9. Assertion (a): There are many
anti-hacking software and technologies available which can be used to protect
digital assets such as proprietary software, applications, tools, etc.
Reason
(R): These anti-hacking tools prevent attackers from
controlling or accessing your software, and therefore, help in protecting
digital assets.
Ans.
(a)
Q
10. Assertion(a): A software licence
is a document that provides legally binding guidelines for the use and
distribution of software.
Reason
(R): Open source software licences a notice that grants
the receiver of software wide-ranging rights to use, modify or redistribute
that particular software.
Ans.
(c)
Q
11. Assertion (a): Digital unite
refers to a society where everyone would be skilled and eQuipped to take advantages of various ICT services.
Reason (R): The
licence must discriminate against any person or group of persons.
Ans.
(c)
Q 12. Assertion (a): As good digital citizens
we have the right to privacy and the freedom of personal expression. At the
same time, we have to understand that other digital citizens also have the same
rights and freedoms.
Reason
(R) : In a group or public forum, we should respect the diversity of the people
in terms of knowledge, experience, culture and other aspects.
Ans.
(b)
Q
13. Assertion (a): Passive digital
footprints which includes data that we intentionally submit online. This would
include emails we write, or responses or posts we make on different websites or
mobile Apps, etc.
Reason
(R): Digital footprints are the records and traces
individuals' activities as they use the internet. Digital footprints are
permanently stored. It includes websites we visit, emails we send, and any
information we submit online, etc., along with the computer's IP address,
location, and other device specific details.
Ans.
(d)
Q
14. Assertion (a): For concerns
related to data and bandwidth, very large attachments may be avoided. Rather
send compressed files or link of the files through cloud shared storage like
Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, etc.
Reason
(R): Social media are websites or applications that
enable their users to participate in social networking by creating and sharing
content with others in the community.These platforms encourage users to share
their thoughts and experiences through posts or pictures.
Ans.
(b)
Q
15. Assertion (a): In this digital
age, data or information protection is mainly about the privacy of data stored
digitally. Elements of data that can cause substantial harm, embarrassment,
inconvenience and unfairness to an individual, if breached or compromised, is
called sensitive data.
Reason (R): Identity
thieves increasingly use personal information stolen from computers or computer
networks, to commit fraud by using the data gained unlawfully.
Ans.
(b)
Q
16. Assertion (a): Licensing is the
legal term used to describe the terms under which people are allowed to use the
copyrighted material.
Reason
(R): Patent includes any visual symbol, word, name,
design, slogan, label, etc., that distinguishes the brand or commercial
enterprise, from other brands or commercial enterprises.
Ans.
(c)
Q
17. Assertion (a): The Govemment of
India's The Information Technology Act, 2000 (also known as IT Act), amended in
2008, and provides guidelines to the user on the processing, storage and trAnsmission of sensitive information.
Reason
(R): E-waste or Electronic waste includes electric or
electronic gadgets and devices that are no longer in use. Hence, discarded
computers, laptops, mobile phones, televisions, tablets, music systems,
speakers, printers, scanners, etc. constitute e-waste when they are near or end
of their useful life.
Ans.
(b)
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